**Describe the bug**
The device sends too many uplinks (at a 5s interval) at …the beginning of the execution.
**Environment**
- LMIC: 4.1.1
- PlatformIO Core: 6.1.4
- Network provider: Chipstack
- Region: EU868
- Board : M5Stack Core 2 with [LoRa 868 module](https://github.com/Bjoerns-TB/M5Stack-LoRa-868-Network-Tester#installation-and-configuration)
- CPU: ESP32
- Radio: SX1276
**To Reproduce**
plaformio.ini
```
[env:m5stack-core2]
platform = espressif32
board = m5stack-core2
framework = arduino
lib_deps =
m5stack/M5Core2@^0.1.2
mcci-catena/MCCI LoRaWAN LMIC library@^4.1.1
monitor_speed = 115200
build_flags =
-D hal_init=LMIC_hal_init
-D ARDUINO_LMIC_PROJECT_CONFIG_H_SUPPRESS
-D CFG_eu868
-D CFG_sx1276_radio=1
```
main.cpp
```c
/*******************************************************************************
* Copyright (c) 2015 Thomas Telkamp and Matthijs Kooijman
* Copyright (c) 2018 Terry Moore, MCCI
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to anyone
* obtaining a copy of this document and accompanying files,
* to do whatever they want with them without any restriction,
* including, but not limited to, copying, modification and redistribution.
* NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND IS PROVIDED.
*
* This example sends a valid LoRaWAN packet with payload "Hello,
* world!", using frequency and encryption settings matching those of
* the The Things Network.
*
* This uses OTAA (Over-the-air activation), where where a DevEUI and
* application key is configured, which are used in an over-the-air
* activation procedure where a DevAddr and session keys are
* assigned/generated for use with all further communication.
*
* Note: LoRaWAN per sub-band duty-cycle limitation is enforced (1% in
* g1, 0.1% in g2), but not the TTN fair usage policy (which is probably
* violated by this sketch when left running for longer)!
* To use this sketch, first register your application and device with
* the things network, to set or generate an AppEUI, DevEUI and AppKey.
* Multiple devices can use the same AppEUI, but each device has its own
* DevEUI and AppKey.
*
* Do not forget to define the radio type correctly in
* arduino-lmic/project_config/lmic_project_config.h or from your BOARDS.txt.
*
*******************************************************************************/
#include <M5Core2.h>
#include <lmic.h>
#include <hal/hal.h>
#include <SPI.h>
// This EUI must be in little-endian format, so least-significant-byte
// first. When copying an EUI from ttnctl output, this means to reverse
// the bytes. For TTN issued EUIs the last bytes should be 0xD5, 0xB3,
// 0x70.
static const u1_t PROGMEM APPEUI[8]={ 0 };
void os_getArtEui (u1_t* buf) { memcpy_P(buf, APPEUI, 8);}
// This should also be in little endian format, see above.
static const u1_t PROGMEM DEVEUI[8]={ 0x00, 0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01 };
void os_getDevEui (u1_t* buf) { memcpy_P(buf, DEVEUI, 8);}
// This key should be in big endian format (or, since it is not really a
// number but a block of memory, endianness does not really apply). In
// practice, a key taken from ttnctl can be copied as-is.
static const u1_t PROGMEM APPKEY[16] = { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x00 };
void os_getDevKey (u1_t* buf) { memcpy_P(buf, APPKEY, 16);}
static uint8_t mydata[] = "Hello M5LoRaKit!";
static osjob_t sendjob;
// Schedule TX every this many seconds (might become longer due to duty
// cycle limitations).
const unsigned TX_INTERVAL = 60;
// Pin mapping
// https://docs.m5stack.com/en/module/lora868
const lmic_pinmap lmic_pins = {
.nss = 33,
.rxtx = LMIC_UNUSED_PIN,
.rst = 26,
.dio = {36, 35, LMIC_UNUSED_PIN},
};
void printHex2(unsigned v) {
v &= 0xff;
if (v < 16)
Serial.print('0');
Serial.print(v, HEX);
}
void do_send(osjob_t* j){
// Check if there is not a current TX/RX job running
if (LMIC.opmode & OP_TXRXPEND) {
Serial.println(F("OP_TXRXPEND, not sending"));
} else {
// Prepare upstream data transmission at the next possible time.
LMIC_setTxData2(1, mydata, sizeof(mydata)-1, 0);
Serial.println(F("Packet queued"));
}
// Next TX is scheduled after TX_COMPLETE event.
}
void onEvent (ev_t ev) {
Serial.print(os_getTime());
Serial.print(": ");
switch(ev) {
case EV_SCAN_TIMEOUT:
Serial.println(F("EV_SCAN_TIMEOUT"));
break;
case EV_BEACON_FOUND:
Serial.println(F("EV_BEACON_FOUND"));
break;
case EV_BEACON_MISSED:
Serial.println(F("EV_BEACON_MISSED"));
break;
case EV_BEACON_TRACKED:
Serial.println(F("EV_BEACON_TRACKED"));
break;
case EV_JOINING:
Serial.println(F("EV_JOINING"));
break;
case EV_JOINED:
Serial.println(F("EV_JOINED"));
{
u4_t netid = 0;
devaddr_t devaddr = 0;
u1_t nwkKey[16];
u1_t artKey[16];
LMIC_getSessionKeys(&netid, &devaddr, nwkKey, artKey);
Serial.print("netid: ");
Serial.println(netid, DEC);
Serial.print("devaddr: ");
Serial.println(devaddr, HEX);
Serial.print("AppSKey: ");
for (size_t i=0; i<sizeof(artKey); ++i) {
if (i != 0)
Serial.print("-");
printHex2(artKey[i]);
}
Serial.println("");
Serial.print("NwkSKey: ");
for (size_t i=0; i<sizeof(nwkKey); ++i) {
if (i != 0)
Serial.print("-");
printHex2(nwkKey[i]);
}
Serial.println();
}
// Disable link check validation (automatically enabled
// during join, but because slow data rates change max TX
// size, we don't use it in this example.
LMIC_setLinkCheckMode(0);
break;
/*
|| This event is defined but not used in the code. No
|| point in wasting codespace on it.
||
|| case EV_RFU1:
|| Serial.println(F("EV_RFU1"));
|| break;
*/
case EV_JOIN_FAILED:
Serial.println(F("EV_JOIN_FAILED"));
break;
case EV_REJOIN_FAILED:
Serial.println(F("EV_REJOIN_FAILED"));
break;
case EV_TXCOMPLETE:
Serial.println(F("EV_TXCOMPLETE (includes waiting for RX windows)"));
if (LMIC.txrxFlags & TXRX_ACK)
Serial.println(F("Received ack"));
if (LMIC.dataLen) {
Serial.print(F("Received "));
Serial.print(LMIC.dataLen);
Serial.println(F(" bytes of payload"));
}
Serial.print(F("Next transmission = "));
Serial.println(os_getTime()+sec2osticks(TX_INTERVAL));
// Schedule next transmission
os_setTimedCallback(&sendjob, os_getTime()+sec2osticks(TX_INTERVAL), do_send);
break;
case EV_LOST_TSYNC:
Serial.println(F("EV_LOST_TSYNC"));
break;
case EV_RESET:
Serial.println(F("EV_RESET"));
break;
case EV_RXCOMPLETE:
// data received in ping slot
Serial.println(F("EV_RXCOMPLETE"));
break;
case EV_LINK_DEAD:
Serial.println(F("EV_LINK_DEAD"));
break;
case EV_LINK_ALIVE:
Serial.println(F("EV_LINK_ALIVE"));
break;
/*
|| This event is defined but not used in the code. No
|| point in wasting codespace on it.
||
|| case EV_SCAN_FOUND:
|| Serial.println(F("EV_SCAN_FOUND"));
|| break;
*/
case EV_TXSTART:
Serial.println(F("EV_TXSTART"));
break;
case EV_TXCANCELED:
Serial.println(F("EV_TXCANCELED"));
break;
case EV_RXSTART:
/* do not print anything -- it wrecks timing */
break;
case EV_JOIN_TXCOMPLETE:
Serial.println(F("EV_JOIN_TXCOMPLETE: no JoinAccept"));
break;
default:
Serial.print(F("Unknown event: "));
Serial.println((unsigned) ev);
break;
}
}
void setup() {
M5.begin();
// LMIC init
os_init();
// Reset the MAC state. Session and pending data transfers will be discarded.
LMIC_reset();
// Start job (sending automatically starts OTAA too)
do_send(&sendjob);
}
void loop() {
os_runloop_once();
}
```
**Expected behavior**
Single uplink every minute.
**Serial output**
```
Packet queued
105935: EV_JOINING
295678: EV_TXSTART
615440: EV_JOINED
netid: 0
devaddr: 9B643E
AppSKey: 3B-C6-8B-E6-5B-FF-17-CD-04-59-65-C4-FA-52-DD-2D
NwkSKey: 15-6F-CA-81-C8-AA-45-3F-10-82-1E-D2-1A-5F-DD-1E
616191: EV_TXSTART
686273: EV_TXCOMPLETE (includes waiting for RX windows)
Next transmission = 4436280
1033155: EV_TXSTART
1101937: EV_TXCOMPLETE (includes waiting for RX windows)
Next transmission = 4851943
1322132: EV_TXSTART
1390914: EV_TXCOMPLETE (includes waiting for RX windows)
Next transmission = 5140921
1611107: EV_TXSTART
1679890: EV_TXCOMPLETE (includes waiting for RX windows)
Next transmission = 5429896
1900083: EV_TXSTART
2042310: EV_TXCOMPLETE (includes waiting for RX windows)
Next transmission = 5792316
5792338: EV_TXSTART
Packet queued
5935853: EV_TXCOMPLETE (includes waiting for RX windows)
Next transmission = 9685859
```
