I checked for about 5 minutes, which I know isn’t very long, but I didn’t see any packets in the air. (Maybe I’m doing something wrong?) When my range tests, I sent messages every 5 seconds, so if the limited range was due to interference or heavy LoRa air traffic, I should have seen some activity within this 5 minutes. The only packets I saw were the ones sent from my own node.
root@chirpstack-32b1d5:/var/etc/chirpstack-concentratord# killall chirpstack-concentratord-sx1302 && /usr/bin/chirpstack-concentratord-sx1302 -c var/etc/chirpstack-concentratord/concentratord.toml -c /var/etc/chirpstack-concentratord/region.toml -c /var/etc/chirpstack-concentratord/channels.toml
2025-06-03T14:30:40.025Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::handler::config] Updating concentrator configuration
2025-06-03T14:30:40.025Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::cmd::root] Starting Concentratord SX1302 (version: 4.4.8, docs: https://www.chirpstack.io/docs/chirpstack-concentratord/)
2025-06-03T14:30:40.025Z INFO [libconcentratord::reset] Enabling concentrator power
2025-06-03T14:30:40.125Z INFO [libconcentratord::reset] Triggering sx130x reset
2025-06-03T14:30:40.325Z INFO [libconcentratord::reset] Triggering sx1261 reset
2025-06-03T14:30:40.526Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Setting i2c device path, path: /dev/i2c-1
2025-06-03T14:30:40.526Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Setting i2c temperature sensor address, address: 57
2025-06-03T14:30:40.526Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Setting board configuration, lorawan_public: true, clock_source: 0, com_type: Spi, com_path: /dev/spidev0.0
2025-06-03T14:30:40.526Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Setting up fine timestamp, enable: false
2025-06-03T14:30:40.526Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuration TX gain for radio, radio: 0, rf_power: 12, dig_gain: 0, pa_gain: 0, dac_gain: 0, mix_gain: 5, offset_i: 0, offset_q: 0, pwr_idx: 15
2025-06-03T14:30:40.526Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuration TX gain for radio, radio: 0, rf_power: 13, dig_gain: 0, pa_gain: 0, dac_gain: 0, mix_gain: 5, offset_i: 0, offset_q: 0, pwr_idx: 16
2025-06-03T14:30:40.526Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuration TX gain for radio, radio: 0, rf_power: 14, dig_gain: 0, pa_gain: 0, dac_gain: 0, mix_gain: 5, offset_i: 0, offset_q: 0, pwr_idx: 17
2025-06-03T14:30:40.526Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuration TX gain for radio, radio: 0, rf_power: 15, dig_gain: 0, pa_gain: 0, dac_gain: 0, mix_gain: 5, offset_i: 0, offset_q: 0, pwr_idx: 19
2025-06-03T14:30:40.526Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuration TX gain for radio, radio: 0, rf_power: 16, dig_gain: 0, pa_gain: 0, dac_gain: 0, mix_gain: 5, offset_i: 0, offset_q: 0, pwr_idx: 20
2025-06-03T14:30:40.526Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuration TX gain for radio, radio: 0, rf_power: 17, dig_gain: 0, pa_gain: 0, dac_gain: 0, mix_gain: 5, offset_i: 0, offset_q: 0, pwr_idx: 22
2025-06-03T14:30:40.526Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuration TX gain for radio, radio: 0, rf_power: 18, dig_gain: 0, pa_gain: 1, dac_gain: 0, mix_gain: 5, offset_i: 0, offset_q: 0, pwr_idx: 1
2025-06-03T14:30:40.526Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuration TX gain for radio, radio: 0, rf_power: 19, dig_gain: 0, pa_gain: 1, dac_gain: 0, mix_gain: 5, offset_i: 0, offset_q: 0, pwr_idx: 2
2025-06-03T14:30:40.526Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuration TX gain for radio, radio: 0, rf_power: 20, dig_gain: 0, pa_gain: 1, dac_gain: 0, mix_gain: 5, offset_i: 0, offset_q: 0, pwr_idx: 3
2025-06-03T14:30:40.526Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuration TX gain for radio, radio: 0, rf_power: 21, dig_gain: 0, pa_gain: 1, dac_gain: 0, mix_gain: 5, offset_i: 0, offset_q: 0, pwr_idx: 4
2025-06-03T14:30:40.526Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuration TX gain for radio, radio: 0, rf_power: 22, dig_gain: 0, pa_gain: 1, dac_gain: 0, mix_gain: 5, offset_i: 0, offset_q: 0, pwr_idx: 5
2025-06-03T14:30:40.526Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuration TX gain for radio, radio: 0, rf_power: 23, dig_gain: 0, pa_gain: 1, dac_gain: 0, mix_gain: 5, offset_i: 0, offset_q: 0, pwr_idx: 6
2025-06-03T14:30:40.526Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuration TX gain for radio, radio: 0, rf_power: 24, dig_gain: 0, pa_gain: 1, dac_gain: 0, mix_gain: 5, offset_i: 0, offset_q: 0, pwr_idx: 7
2025-06-03T14:30:40.526Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuration TX gain for radio, radio: 0, rf_power: 25, dig_gain: 0, pa_gain: 1, dac_gain: 0, mix_gain: 5, offset_i: 0, offset_q: 0, pwr_idx: 9
2025-06-03T14:30:40.526Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuration TX gain for radio, radio: 0, rf_power: 26, dig_gain: 0, pa_gain: 1, dac_gain: 0, mix_gain: 5, offset_i: 0, offset_q: 0, pwr_idx: 11
2025-06-03T14:30:40.526Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuration TX gain for radio, radio: 0, rf_power: 27, dig_gain: 0, pa_gain: 1, dac_gain: 0, mix_gain: 5, offset_i: 0, offset_q: 0, pwr_idx: 14
2025-06-03T14:30:40.526Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Setting up concentrator channels
2025-06-03T14:30:40.526Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuring radio, radio: 0, enabled: true, center_freq: 867500000, type: SX1250
2025-06-03T14:30:40.526Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuring radio, radio: 1, enabled: true, center_freq: 868500000, type: SX1250
2025-06-03T14:30:40.526Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Setting up concentrator channels
2025-06-03T14:30:40.527Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuring multi-SF LoRa channel, channel: 0, enabled: true, freq: 868100000, rf_chain: 1, if_freq: -400000
2025-06-03T14:30:40.527Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuring multi-SF LoRa channel, channel: 1, enabled: true, freq: 868300000, rf_chain: 1, if_freq: -200000
2025-06-03T14:30:40.527Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuring multi-SF LoRa channel, channel: 2, enabled: true, freq: 868500000, rf_chain: 1, if_freq: 0
2025-06-03T14:30:40.527Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuring multi-SF LoRa channel, channel: 3, enabled: true, freq: 867100000, rf_chain: 0, if_freq: -400000
2025-06-03T14:30:40.527Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuring multi-SF LoRa channel, channel: 4, enabled: true, freq: 867300000, rf_chain: 0, if_freq: -200000
2025-06-03T14:30:40.527Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuring multi-SF LoRa channel, channel: 5, enabled: true, freq: 867500000, rf_chain: 0, if_freq: 0
2025-06-03T14:30:40.527Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuring multi-SF LoRa channel, channel: 6, enabled: true, freq: 867700000, rf_chain: 0, if_freq: 200000
2025-06-03T14:30:40.527Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuring multi-SF LoRa channel, channel: 7, enabled: true, freq: 867900000, rf_chain: 0, if_freq: 400000
2025-06-03T14:30:40.527Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuring Std LoRa channel, enabled: true, freq: 868300000, rf_chain: 1, if_freq: -200000
2025-06-03T14:30:40.527Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Configuring FSK channel, enabled: true, freq: 868800000, rf_chain: 1, if_freq: 300000
2025-06-03T14:30:40.527Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Starting the concentrator
Opening SPI communication interface
Note: chip version is 0x10 (v1.0)
INFO: Configuring SX1250_0 in single input mode
INFO: using legacy timestamp
INFO: LoRa Service modem: configuring preamble size to 8 symbols
ARB: dual demodulation disabled for all SF
2025-06-03T14:30:43.070Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::concentrator] Getting gateway EUI
2025-06-03T14:30:43.071Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::cmd::root] Gateway ID retrieved, gateway_id: "0016c.........e9"
2025-06-03T14:30:43.071Z INFO [libconcentratord::jitqueue] Initializing JIT queue, capacity: 32
2025-06-03T14:30:43.071Z INFO [libconcentratord::events] Creating socket for publishing events, bind: ipc:///tmp/concentratord_event
2025-06-03T14:30:43.072Z INFO [libconcentratord::commands] Creating socket for receiving commands, bind: ipc:///tmp/concentratord_command
2025-06-03T14:30:43.073Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::handler::uplink] Starting uplink handle loop
2025-06-03T14:30:43.073Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::handler::jit] Starting JIT queue loop
2025-06-03T14:30:43.073Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::handler::command] Starting command handler loop
2025-06-03T14:30:43.073Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::handler::stats] Starting stats loop, stats_interval: 30s
2025-06-03T14:31:13.076Z INFO [libconcentratord::events] Publishing stats event, rx_received: 0, rx_received_ok: 0, tx_received: 0, tx_emitted: 0
2025-06-03T14:31:43.079Z INFO [libconcentratord::events] Publishing stats event, rx_received: 0, rx_received_ok: 0, tx_received: 0, tx_emitted: 0
2025-06-03T14:32:13.082Z INFO [libconcentratord::events] Publishing stats event, rx_received: 0, rx_received_ok: 0, tx_received: 0, tx_emitted: 0
2025-06-03T14:32:43.085Z INFO [libconcentratord::events] Publishing stats event, rx_received: 0, rx_received_ok: 0, tx_received: 0, tx_emitted: 0
2025-06-03T14:33:13.089Z INFO [libconcentratord::events] Publishing stats event, rx_received: 0, rx_received_ok: 0, tx_received: 0, tx_emitted: 0
2025-06-03T14:33:43.091Z INFO [libconcentratord::events] Publishing stats event, rx_received: 0, rx_received_ok: 0, tx_received: 0, tx_emitted: 0
2025-06-03T14:34:13.095Z INFO [libconcentratord::events] Publishing stats event, rx_received: 0, rx_received_ok: 0, tx_received: 0, tx_emitted: 0
2025-06-03T14:34:43.097Z INFO [libconcentratord::events] Publishing stats event, rx_received: 0, rx_received_ok: 0, tx_received: 0, tx_emitted: 0
2025-06-03T14:34:53.250Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::wrapper] Could not get GPS epoch, uplink_id: 463153077, error: gps_ref_valid = false
2025-06-03T14:34:53.250Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::wrapper] Could not get GPS time, uplink_id: 463153077, error: gps_ref_valid = false
2025-06-03T14:34:53.250Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::handler::uplink] Frame received, uplink_id: 463153077, count_us: 251057628, freq: 868500000, bw: 125000, mod: LoRa, dr: SF12, ftime_received: false, ftime_ns: 0
2025-06-03T14:34:53.498Z INFO [libconcentratord::jitqueue] Enqueueing timestamped packet, downlink_id: 632555861, counter_us: 256057628, current_counter_us: 251327120
2025-06-03T14:34:53.498Z INFO [libconcentratord::regulation::tracker] Item tracked, band: [label: M, freq_min: 868000000, freq_max: 868600000, dc_max: 1.00%], freq: 868500000, tx_power_eirp: 16, start_counter_us: 256057628, end_counter_us: 257605628, duration: 1.548s
2025-06-03T14:34:53.499Z DEBUG [libconcentratord::jitqueue] Packet enqueued, downlink_id: 632555861, count_us: 256057628
2025-06-03T14:34:58.195Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::handler::jit] Scheduled packet for TX, downlink_id: 632555861, count_us: 256057628, freq: 868500000, bw: 125000, mod: LoRa, dr: SF12
2025-06-03T14:35:01.783Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::wrapper] Could not get GPS epoch, uplink_id: 4201481535, error: gps_ref_valid = false
2025-06-03T14:35:01.783Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::wrapper] Could not get GPS time, uplink_id: 4201481535, error: gps_ref_valid = false
2025-06-03T14:35:01.783Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::handler::uplink] Frame received, uplink_id: 4201481535, count_us: 259593201, freq: 868500000, bw: 125000, mod: LoRa, dr: SF12, ftime_received: false, ftime_ns: 0
2025-06-03T14:35:02.144Z INFO [libconcentratord::jitqueue] Enqueueing timestamped packet, downlink_id: 2450645939, counter_us: 260593201, current_counter_us: 259973183
2025-06-03T14:35:02.144Z INFO [libconcentratord::regulation::tracker] Item tracked, band: [label: M, freq_min: 868000000, freq_max: 868600000, dc_max: 1.00%], freq: 868500000, tx_power_eirp: 16, start_counter_us: 260593201, end_counter_us: 261486201, duration: 893ms
2025-06-03T14:35:02.145Z DEBUG [libconcentratord::jitqueue] Packet enqueued, downlink_id: 2450645939, count_us: 260593201
2025-06-03T14:35:02.737Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::handler::jit] Scheduled packet for TX, downlink_id: 2450645939, count_us: 260593201, freq: 868500000, bw: 125000, mod: LoRa, dr: SF12
2025-06-03T14:35:06.644Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::wrapper] Could not get GPS epoch, uplink_id: 128065694, error: gps_ref_valid = false
2025-06-03T14:35:06.644Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::wrapper] Could not get GPS time, uplink_id: 128065694, error: gps_ref_valid = false
2025-06-03T14:35:06.644Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::handler::uplink] Frame received, uplink_id: 128065694, count_us: 264445182, freq: 867300000, bw: 125000, mod: LoRa, dr: SF12, ftime_received: false, ftime_ns: 0
2025-06-03T14:35:11.489Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::handler::uplink] Frame received with invalid CRC, see disable_crc_filter configuration option if you want to receive these frames
2025-06-03T14:35:11.489Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::wrapper] Could not get GPS epoch, uplink_id: 3232784447, error: gps_ref_valid = false
2025-06-03T14:35:11.489Z DEBUG [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::wrapper] Could not get GPS time, uplink_id: 3232784447, error: gps_ref_valid = false
2025-06-03T14:35:11.489Z INFO [chirpstack_concentratord_sx1302::handler::uplink] Frame received, uplink_id: 3232784447, count_us: 269296310, freq: 867100000, bw: 125000, mod: LoRa, dr: SF12, ftime_received: false, ftime_ns: 0
2025-06-03T14:35:13.100Z INFO [libconcentratord::jitqueue] Duty-cyle stats: [label: M, freq_min: 868000000, freq_max: 868600000, dc_max: 1.00%] - current_dc: 0.07%
2025-06-03T14:35:13.100Z INFO [libconcentratord::events] Publishing stats event, rx_received: 5, rx_received_ok: 4, tx_received: 2, tx_emitted: 2
2025-06-03T14:35:43.103Z INFO [libconcentratord::jitqueue] Duty-cyle stats: [label: M, freq_min: 868000000, freq_max: 868600000, dc_max: 1.00%] - current_dc: 0.07%
2025-06-03T14:35:43.103Z INFO [libconcentratord::events] Publishing stats event, rx_received: 0, rx_received_ok: 0, tx_received: 0, tx_emitted: 0